3^rd Annual Genomics and Toxicogenomics Conference September 27-28, 2017 Chicago, Illinois, USA

Human genetics it’s a part of genomics.it mainly deals with the study of the human traits, genome. Genome is- all DNA enclosed within an organism or a cell including nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The human genome is the total collection of genes in a human being confined in the human chromosome, composed of over three billion nucleotides. Projects like human genome project which is a scientific research project launched by US government in 1990 with the goal of genetic mapping. 

Oncogenomics is a study which characterises the genes which may cause cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease mainly caused by tumor formation of mutated cells. Oncogenomics uses molecular markers of gene mutations for early detection of cancer and uses gene mutations found in cancer as targets of drug therapy. The completion of the Human Genome Project has greatly simplified the field of oncogenomics and increased abilities of researchers to find cancer causing genes.

Medical genetics deals with the identification or detection of hereditary disorders and its management. Medical genetics includes many different areas like clinical practice by physicians, nutritionist, genetic counselors and diagnostic laboratory activities. Genetic medicine- It’s a newer term for medical genetics and involves areas such as gene therapy, personalized medicine, and the quickly emerging new medical specialty, predictive medicine.

Metagenomics is the research of the structure and function of nucleotide sequences isolated directly from an environmental sample, especially of a community of microorganisms. Ecogenomics is the broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, community genomics. In this field genome analyses begin to be done directly from oceanic samples (ecogenomics or métagenomics), allowing us to access to large sets of gene for uncultivated.

Genome analysis is the process of identification and comparison or measurement of all the genomics features like structural variation, DNA sequence, genomic annotation at the level of genomic scale. Genomic analysis includes methods like comparison of genomics, microarray analysis, genome annotation, genetic testing, sequencing. Analysis consist many tools like genome comparison tools, format conversion tools, annotation tools, reference tools.

 Genomics era has significantly changed the drug development stratergy. Genome sequence provides a route to investigate the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenesis. Structural genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics are the perfect route for the identification of targets to design new vaccines and drugs. Genomics had made a rapid development in the discovery of vaccines and therapeutics that target pathogens.

To elucidate the fundamental mechanism of the gene, genomic informatics develops the methods and software tools. Informatics combines computer science, statistics and engineering to analyse and interpret the data. The main aim of the informatics is to better understanding of genetic basis of particular disorder or disease, desirable properties of some species. Organisational principle within nucleic acid and protein sequence of specific species can be studied.

Genome sequence data now provides basic tools for the development of uses for genetic information. Forensic genomics it’s the discipline of genomics which uses the DNA sequencing data for the clinical and forensic purpose. Genomics will lead to rise in the number of drug targets used in pharmaceuticals. It provides information on the genetic basis for side effects and the efficiency of treatments that can be used to tailor prescriptions for individuals.

Genetic toxicology is the study which describes the property of chemical substance that damages the genetic information within the cell causing mutations, which leads to serious problem like cancer. Genetic toxicology tests determine if any and how substances cause damage or mutations in DNA and genes, which could lead to cancer. 

Toxicogenomics is the rapidly developing branch that promises to aid researchers in understanding the molecular and cellular effects of toxic substance on biological systems. Toxicogenomics involves areas like environmental toxicogenomics, clinical toxicology, predictive toxicology, comparative toxicogenomic. The rapid development and evolution of genomics, proteomics and metabonomics based technologies has enhanced the application of gene expression for understanding chemical and other environmental stressors. 

Toxicogenomic data assist hazard identification and investigate causes. The key challenge is data interpretation, because toxicogenomics can find molecular changes that are causal, associated with or incidental to toxicity. Using microarrays, scientists can literally see which genes are triggered, repressed, or unchanged by a chemical.

Pharmacogenomics uses data about a person's genetic makeup, or genome, to choose the drugs and drug doses that are likely to work best for that specific person. This field combines the science of how drugs work, called pharmacology, with the science of the human genome, named as genomics. Pharmacogenomics may also help to quickly identify the best drugs to treat people with certain mental health disorders.

Omic technology primarily aimed at the universal detection of genes (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) in a particular biological sample. Mass spectrometry is the most common method used for detection of analyte in proteomic and metabolomic research. Genomic and transcriptomic research has progressed due to advances in microarray technology. Omic technologies have a broad range of applications.